Mathematics

Statistics: ask a question, then let the data speak.

A statistical question anticipates variability. “How tall is this student?” is not statistical. “How tall are the students in this class?” is, because answers will differ.

Measures and displays

Students compute mean as a fair share, median as a middle when ordered, and range as spread. They choose dot plots, histograms, or box plots to match the story. In science class, the same skills appear in lab tables: units on every column, a title that states the comparison, and a sentence that reports the trend without overclaiming.

Sampling language matters. A convenience sample of friends is not the same as a random sample of the school. Probability lessons use equally likely outcomes and simple compound events before any formula-heavy notation.